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The list of variables from discussions and ratings shows the most important variables for Equal-Life. This list helped the data team choose and develop indicators and refine the research questions for Equal-Life (see sections below). The variables in the list are like a "wish list" of the most important things to study in Equal-Life. This list is used to decide which exposures to focus on and how to apply the research questions in Equal-Life.
The Exposures short-lists
Exposure | Definition |
|---|---|
Access to healthy food | NO DEFINITION |
Amenity (sidewalks, bike-paths, parks, libraries, playgrounds, sport facilities, health food /health care); public transport | Urban planning: a set of land uses that contribute to the liveability of the urban environment |
Density (population, building, activities, distribution of functions) | Geography: the number of things—which could be people, animals, plants, or objects—in a certain area.
Urban planning: a concept to describe the intensity of people, jobs, housing units, total floor area of buildings, level of human activity across a spatial unit of interest (e.g. urban block, neighbourhood, administrative district)
|
Public transport lines | NO DEFINITION |
Street integration and connectivity | The acoustic environment as perceived by humans, in context. |
Walkability -1 | A metric to capture how friendly an area is to walking. Factors influencing walkability include the presence or absence and quality of footpaths, sidewalks or other pedestrian infrastructure, traffic and road conditions, land use patterns (see also: land use mix), building accessibility, and safety, among others. The density of land uses and the distance to different amenities from a reference point (e.g. residential location, workplace, school) are the main proxies that most walkability indices are based on. |
Walkability -2 | However, walkability is more than just access to and quality of destinations — it is also about the safety, comfort, and pleasurability of the walk. Also, the different needs, behaviours, and perceptions of people (e.g. children as opposed to adults) can affect walkability, and this is something that Equal-Life could consider to offer a more comprehensive measure of walkability. |
Exposure | Definition |
|---|---|
Mother smoking during pregnancy | NO DEFINITION |
Child passive smoking | Passive smoking is the inhalation of smoke, called secondhand smoke, or environmental tobacco smoke. |
Indoor environmental quality at home/school/preschool (mould/dust/dampness/overall) | Quality of a building’s environment in relation to the health and wellbeing of those who occupy space within it. |
Crowding Residential, Preschool and school | Psychology: psychological stress or friction which is generated in settings where the concentration of people to the area is a high ratio. |
Indoor Air quality, NO2 (as proxy for traffic related air pollution), particulate matter | Quality within and around buildings and structures, especially as it relates to the health and comfort of building occupants. |
Indoor Sound, quality | NO DEFINITION |
Home toxics/Household chemicals | Non-food chemicals that are commonly found and used in and around the average household. |
Prenatal: Mother work chemicals/household chemicals | NO DEFINITION |
Exposure | Definition |
|---|---|
Air quality outdoor Residential /school/preschool | The state of the air around us. Good air quality refers to clean, clear, unpolluted air. |
Housing practices | programs and methods that have been successful in producing affordable housing 2) best practices in housing and neighborhood design. |
Outdoor restorative quality | A deed or place or activity that serves to restore to consciousness, vigor, or health Indicator Perceived Restorative Quality sale (Hartig) |
Sound/Noise quality outdoor Residential/school/preschool Outdoor | Unwanted or harmful outdoor sound created by human activity, such as noise emitted by means of transport, road traffic, rail traffic, air traffic and industrial activity. |
Exposure | Definition |
|---|---|
Mother smoking during pregnancy | NO DEFINITION |
Child passive smoking | Passive smoking is the inhalation of smoke, called secondhand smoke, or environmental tobacco smoke. |
Indoor environmental quality at home/school/preschool (mould/dust/dampness/overall) | Quality of a building’s environment in relation to the health and wellbeing of those who occupy space within it. |
Crowding Residential, Preschool and school | Psychology: psychological stress or friction which is generated in settings where the concentration of people to the area is a high ratio. |
Indoor Air quality, NO2 (as proxy for traffic related air pollution), particulate matter | Quality within and around buildings and structures, especially as it relates to the health and comfort of building occupants. |
Indoor Sound, quality | NO DEFINITION |
Home toxics/Household chemicals | Non-food chemicals that are commonly found and used in and around the average household. |
Prenatal: Mother work chemicals/household chemicals | NO DEFINITION |
Exposure | Definition |
|---|---|
Academic stress (child) | Subjective stress that involves frustration associated with academic failure, the feeling of such failure, or even an awareness of the possibility of such failure. Academic stress is a stressed state experienced by students, owing to student stature or academic demands. |
Age of the parents | Maternal age during pregnancy, parental age at the moment of data collection |
Caring and household responsibilities | Caregivers working time, household chaos (see above) |
Chaotic living conditions | Chaotic living conditions include residential noise and crowding, instability in household occupants/location, and lack of routine and structure in daily life. Residential crowding (more than two people per bedroom) background noise (more than 4 hr per day of television on while child is home), instability (change since child’s birth in caregiver’s residential partner). Presence of a condition receives a score of 1, with scores combined to create an index. |
Experiences of discrimination (e.g. as a result of sex/gender, sexuality, ethnicity, religious affiliation). | Discrimination experienced as a result of supposed ‘deviation’ from predominant and accepted social norm. |
Family instability | Family instability measured as change since child’s birth in caregiver’s residential partner (part of the chaotic living conditions) |
Home learning environment | Index comprising six mother‐reported variables: frequency of child being read to, going to the library, painting and drawing, being taught letters, being taught numbers, and learning songs/poems/rhymes |
Parental depression/anxiety | Maternal depression both prenatal and postnatal. Definition varies according to different studies in relation to assessment tools and period definition. Prenatal maternal depression, based on self-reported symptoms during pregnancy (different questionnaires have been used) |
Parenting style and quality and practices | Authoritative and authoritarian parenting, verbal hostility, parental warmth, positive expressivity, friendliness, encouragement, closeness, positive affect, negativity, interactiveness, limit setting, effective responsiveness, respect for autonomy, parental neuroticism and agreeableness. |
Quality of school/teaching | NO DEFINITION |
Resilience/susceptibility (physical/social) | Biological Susceptibility and socially determined vulnerability as well as recovery capacity, i.e. resilience |
Sex/gender, age, religion, household structure, migration background | NO DEFINITION |
Social integration/cohesion/network (e.g. neighbourhood, preschool, school) | Social relationships a person has in different contexts. |
Social interaction | Social interactions with different people e.g. peers, teachers, parents, other family members. Includes negative social interactions e.g. experiences of bullying from peers. |
Social modelling | Social learning through observation and imitation of others e.g. parents, peers. |
Stressful life events | Aspects of family life (e.g. socio-economic situation, parent’s depression, abuse, violence), kindergarten and school environment (e.g. discrimination by teacher, being bullied by other, moving to another school, poor grades or poor performances at sports, too much homework), and health issues (e.g. obesity, asthma, allergies, diabetes) as potential psychosocial stressors. |
Support from parents | Maternal responsiveness (e.g., “help with homework”, “willing to talk when needed”) |
Violence/maltreatment | Exposure to violence and victimization by witnessing violence, personal victimization, and witnessing weapon‐ related violence. Community violence by direct victimization. Parents’ report of intimate partner violence. |
Work and income situation, educational background, individual, household, neighborhood level. | Concept to capture the socioeconomic situation of an individual, including factors that can influence household stress (e.g. job insecurity) as well as material means (e.g. income). |
Exposure | Definition |
|---|---|
Access to green space (residential. Preschool, school, “en route”) | NO DEFINITION |
Access to blue space (residential. Preschool, school, “en route”) | NO DEFINITION |
Playability | |
Safety related to playability | NO DEFINITION |
Safety green and blue space | NO DEFINITION |
Activities green/blue space | NO DEFINITION |
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